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Authors
Nie, Silin
Jiang, Yumin
Duan, Yanan
Han, Yulu
Jiang, Danni
Chen, Aiping
Chu, Huijun
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Article History
Received: 6 November 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committees of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University. Written informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study, and patient data confidentiality was strictly ensured. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
