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Article History

Received: 1 November 2025

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 7 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Zhuzhou Central Hospital (approval number: ZZCH-IRB-2022-073; approval date: August 15, 2022). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of fully anonymized data. All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision) and relevant institutional guidelines for medical research involving human subjects.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.