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Article History

Received: 31 August 2024

Accepted: 4 February 2026

First Online: 11 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Shenzhen Hospital (Approval No. 2022135). The Ethics Committee waived the requirement for informed consent for two main reasons: (1) the study involved no more than minimal risk, on par with routine medical or psychological assessments; and (2) the waiver would not compromise participants’ rights and welfare.

: Not applicable. The images in this manuscript are entirely unidentifiable and there are no details on individuals reported within the manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.