Zhu, Yunjing
Chen, Qunhui
Zhu, Huiyuan
Nie, Kai
Zhu, Li
Yu, Lingming
Tao, Guangyu
Xing, Jun
Li, Shaojie
Sun, Yanbing
Ni, Qiming
Kong, Weizheng
Yu, Hong
Zhu, Lin
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82071873)
Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (22Y11911100)
Shanghai Innovative Medical Product Application Demonstration Project (24SF1904000)
Shanghai Health Research Foundation for Talents (2022YQ060)
Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82302188)
Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. The retrospective study was approved by the Shanghai Chest Hospital review board (No. KS1956) and the requirement for informed consent was waived.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.