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Authors
Zhang, Lei
Shi, Nian
Chen, Xiaoyu
Shang, Songan
Lu, Siyuan
Li, Tianyu
Liu, Yong
Han, Lei
Ye, Jing
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China
Medical Research Project of Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission
Science and Technology Project of Yangzhou
Clinical research project of Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committees of Northern Jiangsu People’s Hospital in Jiangsu, China, and the Second People’s Hospital of Huai’an in Jiangsu, China, and the requirement for written informed consent was waived.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
