Anifowose, Jubril Olayinka
Li, Zechen
Agarwal, Girija
Aboagye, Eric O.
O’Regan, Declan P.
Ariff, Ben
Copley, Susan J.
Chen, Mitchell
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre
Imperial Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre
National Cancer Imaging Translational Accelerator consortium
Medical Research Council (MC_UP_1605/13)
Medical Research Council (WSCC_PB1626)
British Heart Foundation (RG/19/6/34387, RE/24/130023, CH/P/23/80008)
Academy of Medical Sciences (SGL026\1024)
Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
:
: This study was approved by the institutional review board and Health Research Authority UK (Health Research Authority (HRA) 18HH4616), conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The requirement for informed consent was waived due to the study’s retrospective and observational nature and use of de-identified patient data.
: Not applicable. All data used in this study were fully anonymised. No patient identifiable information was presented in any form in this work.
: The authors declare no competing interests.