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Authors
Xu, Mingzhe
Wang, Ailing
Shan, Dongqiu
Chen, Xuejun
Zhang, Renzhi
Xu, Chunmiao
Yuan, Junhui
Li, Jing
An, Guangguang
Shen, Zhiwei
Wu, Yue
Chu, Funing
Yang, Guang
Qu, Jinrong
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Article History
Received: 4 November 2025
Accepted: 23 March 2026
First Online: 7 April 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Committee of the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No0.2024–170-001). The requirement for informed consent from patients was waived in accordance with Article 39 of the Administrative Measures for Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Humans (Order No. 11, National Health and Family Planning Commission of China), as the study used anonymized MRI data previously obtained for clinical purposes and involved no risk, privacy, or commercial interest to the participants.
: Not applicable, as all images in this study did not any show personal information of patients.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
