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Authors
Tsutsui, Toshiharu
Torii, Suguru
Tanisawa, Kumpei
Takahashi, Toru
Usui, Kaori
Nakamura, Nobuhiro
Midorikawa, Taishi
Nakagawa, Kento
Ohkuma, Reiji
Kumano, Hiroaki
Ishii, Kaori
Suzuki, Katsuhiko
Sakamoto, Shizuo
Higuchi, Mitsuru
Oka, Koichiro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP20H01775)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JP24K02832)
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Article History
Received: 13 February 2026
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 6 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study has been conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research by the Japanese Government. All participants received an explanation of the study and provided their written informed consent before the baseline survey. This study has been approved by the research ethics committee of Waseda University (approval number: 2018-G001, 2021 − 121 and 2023 − 367).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
