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Article History

Received: 9 December 2025

Accepted: 15 April 2026

First Online: 21 April 2026

Declarations

:

: This study used secondary analysis of publicly available anonymized datasets, and was exempted from institutional ethics approval requirements.

: Not applicable, as this study uses de-identified, publicly available data without any individual patient identifiers. No personal information or images that could identify patients are included in this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: During the preparation of this work, the authors used DeepSeek-V3.2 for the purpose of language polishing, grammar checking, and improving the readability of the manuscript. Subsequently, all authors thoroughly reviewed and edited the manuscript and bear full responsibility for the final version.