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Authors
Yang, Kai
Li, Meiling
Wang, Jiayu
Yu, Yarong
Yu, Lihua
Dai, Xu
Wu, Dijia
Zhang, Jiayin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82525034, 82471982, 82271990)
Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission Discipline Leader Project (BJKJ2024052)
Shanghai Health Commission Discipline Leader Project (2022XD031)
the Key Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (2024AIZD017)
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Article History
Received: 14 January 2026
Accepted: 17 April 2026
First Online: 24 April 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Shanghai General Hospital (No.2025 − 204). Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the requirement for written informed consent was waived. All data were fully de-identified before analysis, with removal of all protected health information. Study data were stored on password-protected, institutional secure servers with access restricted to authorized research personnel. All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
