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Authors
Wang, Yanxia
Song, Wangchen
Yang, Xinyu
Meng, Weijing
Ma, Yonghua
Wang, Aimin
Guo, Guiya
Zhang, Zhaoxue
Li, Zihui
Han, Hairui
Wang, Suzhen
Shi, Fuyan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81872719)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81803337)
the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. ZR2023MH313))
Shandong Provincial Youth Innovation Team Development Plan of Colleges and Universities (No. 2019-6-156, Lu-Jiao)
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Article History
Received: 27 September 2025
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 11 May 2026
Declarations
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: The data used in this study were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. All ADNI participants provided written informed consent at each participating site, and the ADNI study protocols were approved by the institutional review boards of all participating institutions. The present study analyzed de-identified ADNI data and was conducted in compliance with the ADNI data use agreement.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
