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Authors
Miao, Jingwei
Li, Chuanyan
Ren, Yu-Xuan
Huang, Bingcang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62475047)
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Article History
Received: 7 November 2025
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 15 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital (Approval No.GLYY1s2025-091), and the requirement for informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
