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Authors
Zhang, Le
Sun, Yan
Zhang, Xuehui
Zhang, Zhen
Ji, Yang
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Article History
Received: 15 April 2026
Accepted: 22 May 2026
First Online: 28 May 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Qingdao Municipal Hospital (2025-KY-180). Informed consent was waived by the committee due to the use of anonymized historical data with full protection of patient privacy.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
