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Article History

Received: 17 May 2026

Accepted: 30 June 2026

First Online: 4 July 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Ningbo No. 6 Hospital (Approval No. 2025–098). Due to the retrospective nature of this study and the use of anonymized clinical imaging data, the requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Ningbo No. 6 Hospital. All patient data were fully anonymized prior to analysis to ensure participant privacy.

: Not applicable. This study is a retrospective analysis utilizing fully anonymized clinical imaging data and demographic characteristics. No individual participant’s hidden identity, personal information, or identifying images are presented in this manuscript. Therefore, the requirement for explicit patient consent for publication was not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.