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Authors
Gong, Jingjing
Li, Keting
Liu, Yujie
Ren, Min
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tongji University “Medicine + X” Interdisciplinary Research Program (Grant No. 2025-0555-YB-05)
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Article History
Received: 18 May 2026
Accepted: 1 July 2026
First Online: 15 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This retrospective study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital (Approval No. KS25211). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the same ethics committee due to the retrospective nature of the study.
Consent for publication: Not applicable. This manuscript does not contain any individual person’s data in any form (such as personal details, identifying images, or videos).
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
