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Authors
Ding, Jie
Yang, Yihong
Wang, Zhe
Wang, Haiyan
Qi, Na
Zhou, Zirong
Chen, Xing
You, Zhiwen
Xi, Chen
Qian, Zheng
Hu, Lingzhi
Yuan, Jianmin
Zhao, Jun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission (PWZxk2022-12)
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Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Accepted: 3 July 2026
First Online: 15 July 2026
Declarations
Ethical approval: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional review board of Shanghai East Hospital (IRB protocol 2020085) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. The necessity for written informed consent was waived by the IRB for the simulated retrospective cohort, while written informed consent was obtained from all patients in the real half injected activity prospective cohort.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
