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Authors
Chen, Huilin
Zou, Wenjie
He, Ruilin
Wang, Qingri
Jia, Ningyang
Liu, Wanmin
Wang, Peijun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (82227807)
the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission (25SF1908900)
the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning (2022JC017)
the Clinical Research Project of Tongji Hospital of Tongji University (ITJ(ZD)2301)
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Article History
Received: 28 March 2026
Accepted: 6 July 2026
First Online: 7 July 2026
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University. The requirement for written informed consent to participate was waived by the Ethics Committee because anonymized clinical and imaging data were used in this study. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
