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Authors
Tang, Ying
Tian, Hua-dong
Chen, Xiao-mei
Luo, Xiang-li
Tang, Wen
Shi, Qiu-ling
Shan, Tianqi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound in Medicine and Engineering (2024KFKT016)
Sichuan Medical Science & Technology Innovation Research Association (2026YCYM002)
the Sichuan Medical and Health Care Promotion Institute Scientific Research Project (KY2025QN0053)
Nanchong Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology Project (25YYJCYJ0077)
National Key R&D Plan for Intergovernmental Cooperation, the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2022YFE0133100)
Sichuan Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project (26NSFSC0004)
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Article History
Received: 10 February 2026
Accepted: 27 July 2026
First Online: 25 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: We ensured that the work described has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). This retrospective cohort study received ethical approval from the Institutional Review Board of the Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital, North Sichuan Medical College (Approval No. 2021/104), with waiver of informed consent owing to the anonymized nature of the data.
Declaration of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process: During the preparation of this work, the authors used DeepSeek-V3 (DeepSeek AI) to improve the language fluency and readability of the manuscript. All AI-generated content was carefully reviewed, edited, and approved by the authors, who assume full responsibility for the final published work. The authors carefully reviewed and edited all content generated by this tool and assume full responsibility for the final published work.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Disclosure: The author declares no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could influence the content reported in this study.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
