Guo, Di
Xie, Kaiwei
Lin, Jiacheng
Chen, Jianshu
Zhang, Jialue
Lin, Meijin
Qu, Xiaobo
Hu, Wanjun
Wang, Jianhua
Liang, Dongyun
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62371410)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61871341)
Lujiang Outstanding Scholar Program at Xiamen University of Technology
the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (2023J02005)
Industry-University Cooperation Projects of the Ministry of Education of China (231107173160805)
the Science and Technology Plan Project of Gansu Province (21JR11RA122)
the Cuiying Science and Technology Innovation Program (CY2022-QN-B09)
the Science and Technology Plan of Major Research Projects of Xiamen High Quality Development (2024GZL-ZD09)
Xiamen Medical Engineering Guiding Program (3502Z20244ZD2017)
Article History
Received: 19 November 2024
Accepted: 28 July 2026
First Online: 31 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: All data were performed in compliance with relevant laws and institutional guidelines and were approved by the Medical Ethics Committees of Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University (Xiamen Branch), the Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University (approval number: B2024-094, 2024 A-181, 2024 − 193, respectively). Furthermore, the Medical Ethics Committees of the aforementioned institutions obtained approval for a waiver of informed consent from patients.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: Xiaobo Qu is the senior editor of BMC Medical Imaging.