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Authors
Quan, Kerun
Xiao, Gaocen
Zhang, Yingfeng
Ding, Jianming
Chen, Jihong
Zeng, Miaomiao
Wu, Haibiao
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Joint Funds for the innovation of science and Technology, Fujian province (2021Y9190)
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Article History
Received: 1 June 2026
Accepted: 13 August 2026
First Online: 22 August 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China (Approval No. [2024ll0902003]) and the Ethics Committee of Fujian Cancer Hospital (Approval No. [YKT2020-011-01]). The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the ethics boards due to the retrospective nature of the study, which involved the analysis of anonymized clinical and imaging data. All patient data were handled with strict confidentiality.
Consent for publication: Not Applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
