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Article History

Received: 28 April 2023

Accepted: 10 September 2023

First Online: 6 October 2023

Declarations

:

: The requirement of ethical approval for this was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University, because the data was accessed from MIMIC-III database (a publicly available database). The need for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Qi Lu Hospital of Shandong University due to retrospective nature of the study. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.