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Authors
Fung, Mark
Haghamad, Aya
Montgomery, Elizabeth
Swanson, Kathleen
Wilkerson, Myra L.
Stathakos, Kimon
VanNess, Richard
Nowak, Sarah A.
Wilburn, Clayton
Kavus, Haluk
Swid, Mohammed Amer
Okoye, Nkemakonam
Ziemba, Yonah C.
Ramrattan, Girish
Macy, Jonathan
McConnell, John
Lewis, Mary Jane
Bailey, Beth
Shotorbani, Khosrow
Crawford, James M.
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Article History
Received: 7 March 2024
Accepted: 18 November 2024
First Online: 6 December 2024
Declarations
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: This is a retrospective observational study using existing data. There were no study interventions. The existing data were anonymized to protect privacy. The study received ethics approvals from the ethics committees of all three participating institutions: the Northwell Health Institutional Review Board; the University of Vermont Research Protections Office, and the Geisinger Health Institutional Review Board; The research was considered minimal risk because of the retrospective nature of the study and exempt from the need for informed consent (Northwell Health, Geisinger Health), or did not meet the regulatory definition of research under 45 CFR 46.102(d) and was classified as quality improvement (University of Vermont).
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
