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Article History

Received: 16 July 2024

Accepted: 13 February 2025

First Online: 9 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Data used in this study were obtained from Optum® under a license to Bayer AG and are not publicly available. Data included in the Optum CDM database are de-identified and are in compliance with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 to preserve participant anonymity and confidentiality, and as such this study followed the principles of the declaration of Helsinki without the requirement for review from a formal ethics review committee. The use of the provided Optum® data was determined by the New England Institutional Review Board (IRB) to not constitute research involving human subjects and was therefore exempt from board oversight.

: Not applicable.

: CW reports advisory board and lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, GSK, MSD, and Novo Nordisk. JS and CB are employees of MicroDiscovery GmbH, Berlin, Germany. MB is an employee of Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany. FK is an employee of Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany. TV was an employee of Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany at the time the study was performed and owns shares in Bayer AG. TV is now an employee of Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG.