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Article History

Received: 3 February 2025

Accepted: 4 June 2025

First Online: 1 July 2025

Declaration

:

: This study, which involves human participants, was conducted as a retrospective analysis in accordance with local audit protocols. It utilized existing anonymized routine clinical data, which was accessed solely by the clinical care teams. The project received approval from the data governance committees of Guy’s and St. Thomas’ Hospital and King’s College Hospital. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study.

: Not applicable. No individual personal data is included in this manuscript.

: Nothing to disclose.

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.