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Authors
Hajomer, Hiba Ali Elzaki
Elkhidir, Osama Ahmed
Elawad, Sara
Ahmed, Ahmed Balla M.
Elawad, Shaima Omer Mohamed
Elbadawi, Mohamed H.
Elhassan, Wael Atif Fadl
Mohamed, Rafa Awad Gasimelseed
Ali, Kamil Merghani
Mahmoud, Tahani Amin
Kheir, Sarra Mohamed
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Article History
Received: 18 September 2024
Accepted: 17 June 2025
First Online: 1 July 2025
Declarations
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: All methods of ethical approval followed the Declaration of Helsinki by the research ethics committee at the Ministry of Health in Khartoum State. Permission was then obtained from the dialysis centers. ESKD patients gave their voluntary written informed consent after the research objectives and data collection process were clarified in simple terms. The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring respect for participants’ rights and dignity. The confidentiality of their information was ensured throughout the different stages of this research.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
