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Authors
Yang, Dongfang
Zhang, Weiguang
Cao, Ying
Zhang, Yan
Yin, Changlin
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Article History
Received: 25 September 2024
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 4 July 2025
Declarations
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: The requirement of ethical approval for this was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), because the data was accessed from MIMIC-IV (a publicly available database).
: The need for written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University) due to retrospective nature of the study.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
