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Authors
Shija, Kessy Charles
Chandika, Alphonce
Mwashambwa, Masumbuko
Meremo, Alfred
Kobayashi, Shuzo
Hidaka, Sumi
Tanabe, Kazunari
Mohomed, Awadh
Mputi, Devotha
Mmbali, Sabina Matulo
Misago, Venance John
Sukunala, Okoa
Kajerero, Vitus
Rugakingira, Remigius
Mkinga, Reuben
Toure, Ahmed
Ibrahim, Hindu
Rainer, Denis
Gyunda, Anthony
Kagwe, Nashon
Mwakilasa, Christina
Kilovele, Andason
Makubi, Abel Nkono
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Article History
Received: 18 October 2024
Accepted: 25 June 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The permission to review the patient data was approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of BMH, Directorate of Training and Clinical Research. Permission to access and review patient data was granted by the IRB. Informed consent to participate was obtained from all individuals involved in the study, and confidentiality was maintained throughout the research process.
: Consent for publication was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Benjamin Mkapa Hospital (BMH) under the Directorate of Training and Clinical Research.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
