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Authors
Gandjour, Afschin
Apel, Christian
Kendzia, Dana
Neri, Luca
Bellocchio, Francesco
Usvyat, Len
Larkin, John
Petrovic Vorkapic, Jovana
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Frankfurt School of Finance & Management gGmbH
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Article History
Received: 2 February 2025
Accepted: 30 June 2025
First Online: 28 August 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical approval was not required for this study, as it utilized publicly available data and did not involve direct patient or human subject participation. Informed consent was not applicable for the same reason. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and followed established methodological guidelines for economic evaluations, including the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) 2022.
: Christian Apel, Dana Kendzia, Luca Neri, Francesco Bellocchio, Len Usvyat, John Larkin, and Jovana Petrovic are full time employees at Fresenius Medical Care.
