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Authors
Gao, Qian
Zhu, Lin
Liu, Ai-Jie
Gao, Jie
Kong, Xin-Yuan
Luan, Jia-Ping
Cai, Jin-Zhen
Dong, He
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Article History
Received: 15 November 2024
Accepted: 14 July 2025
First Online: 29 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University with waiver of participant consent (protocol number: QYFY WZLL 29057). The study strictly adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision). This investigation adheres to the reporting guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) initiative.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
