Updates are available Correction dated 2026-03-18
Click to view Correction: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-026-04846-9
Retraction Retraction dated 2026-07-07
Click to view Retraction: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-026-05178-4
Updates are available Expression of concern dated 2026-01-14
Click to view Expression of concern: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-026-04751-1
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Authors
Qadri, Maria
Rahman, Shafiq Ur
Javaid, Hammad
Bhandari, Kritick
Syed, Rahman
Khan, Ameer Afzal
Bacha, Zaryab
Noor, Rizwana
Filal, Maryem
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More Information
Article History
Received: 5 March 2025
Accepted: 11 August 2025
First Online: 14 August 2025
Change Date: 18 March 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-026-04846-9
Change Date: 7 July 2026
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-026-05178-4
Change Date: 14 January 2026
Change Type: ExpressionOfConcern
Change Details: An Editorial Expression of Concern to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-026-04751-1
Declarations
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: This study used publicly available, de-identified data from the CDC WONDER database and did not involve human subjects directly. Therefore, ethical approval was not required.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
