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Authors
Kubota, Risa
Sada, Ken-Ei https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1020-0818
Tokunaga, Moto
Yoshinaga, Kasumi
Yamanoi, Tomoaki
Kawada, Tatsushi
Tominaga, Yusuke
Sadahira, Takuya
Katayama, Satoshi
Iwata, Takehiro
Nishimura, Shingo
Bekku, Kensuke
Edamura, Kohei
Kobayashi, Tomoko
Nakagawa, Yuki
Ichimaru, Naotsugu
Wada, Koichiro
Araki, Motoo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
JSPS KAKENHI (JP23H03128)
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2024
Accepted: 14 August 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiologic Research in Japan. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kochi Medical School, Kochi University (2021 − 160), which also approved the waiver of informed consent. The NDB data were fully anonymized by the MHLW prior to access.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
