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Authors
Kakar, Aastha
Litkowski, Elizabeth M.
Scadden, Ashley W.
Anwar, Mohammad Y.
Konigsberg, Iain R.
Stanislawski, Maggie A.
DuPre, Natalie C.
Mitra, Riten
Baumgartner, Richard
Raffield, Laura M.
Lange, Ethan M.
Lange, Leslie A.
Taylor, Kira C.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute of Health, United States (3R01DK122503, K01HL157658)
University of Louisville (P30 ES030283)
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Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 25 August 2025
First Online: 26 September 2025
Declarations
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: Ethics approval and written consent were obtained from all JHS participants before the data collection, in accordance with the guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the National Institutes of Health and the participating Jackson Heart Study institutions, including the University of Mississippi Medical Center, Tougaloo College, and Jackson State University. The final version of the manuscript was approved by the Jackson Heart Study Publications and Presentations Subcommittee.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
