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Authors
Msilanga, Daniel
Mngumi, Jonathan
Msangi, Elizabeth
Valentine, Gudila
Nkwera, Upendo
Shoo, Jaqueline
Batanyita, Julieth
Riziki, Hassan
Didi, Jamila
Nyagawa, Maua
Kweka, Garvin
Shoo, May
Punatar, Priyank
Ruggajo, Paschal
Furia, Francis
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Article History
Received: 29 May 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 27 October 2025
Declarations
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: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Muhimbili National Hospital, Clinical Research, Training and Consultancy Unit (Ref: MNH/IRB/I/2023/071). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. A waiver of informed consent was granted due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data from hospital records.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
