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Authors
Zou, Datao
Yin, Jiaxin
Liang, Yuqing
Li, Zhenyi
Liu, Junjie
Ou, Wenchao
Liu, Benrong
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Article History
Received: 10 May 2025
Accepted: 29 September 2025
First Online: 28 October 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Helsinki Declaration. As the MIMIC-IV database is publicly available, and all data are de-identified to remove patients’ information. The approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board in advance, and ethical review was not required.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
