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Authors
Yang, Chen
Liang, Shuang
Duan, Zhi-Yu
Duan, Shu-Wei
Wu, Jie
Feng, Zhe
Chen, Pu
Chen, Xiang-Mei
Wang, Yong
Cai, Guang-Yan
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 5 November 2025
Declarations
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: This retrospective study was performed in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki. It has obtained approval from the Institutional Review Board of Chinese PLA General Hospital, with the approval number S2023-467–01. The ethics committee also granted a waiver of the informed consent form. As a retrospective observational study, it utilized pre-existing data without any study-related interventions. To safeguard the privacy of participants, all data used were de-identified prior to receipt and analysis.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
