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Authors
Wang, Jia
Pi, Haichen
Sun, Qianmei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Multidisciplinary clinical research innovation team project (No.CYDXK202213)
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Article History
Received: 5 December 2024
Accepted: 9 October 2025
First Online: 30 October 2025
Declarations
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: This study used de-identified data from the publicly available MIMIC-IV database (PhysioNet credential ID: 12972292). The establishment of MIMIC-IV was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of MIT and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (No. 2021P000699), with a waiver of informed consent. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
