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Authors
Ezeike-Obi, Andrea Ogechukwu
Ebenebe, Joy
Igwe, Wilson Chukwuneke
Ofiaeli, Ogochukwu C.
Obi, Ugochukwu Christopher
Echendu, Silva Tochukwu
Ijezie, Nkechi Appolonia
Onyeje, Chigozie Kingsley
Onyeje, Blessing Tochukwu
Igwilo, Kenechukwu
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 24 October 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Declarations
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: The study was conducted in line with the Declarationof Helsinki. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Research and Ethics Committee (Ref: NAUTH/CS/66/VOL.15/VER.3/145/2022/108). Informed consent and assent were obtained from all participants both below and above 16 years, as well as from their parents or guardians, regardless of the participant’s mental competence, following a thorough explanation of the study.Participation was voluntary, and all participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. An information sheet, provided in both English and Igbo languages, explained in layman terms, the study’s purpose and role in CP management. Blood samples were collected with minimal discomfort, and participant confidentiality was strictly maintained by using unique identification numbers. The study incurred no cost to participants and offered no financial incentives.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
