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Article History

Received: 1 July 2025

Accepted: 31 October 2025

First Online: 3 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The ethic committee of First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine approved the study. All participants provided written informed consent prior to their enrollment in the clinical trial. A study personnel member explained the study details to each participant, including its objectives, characteristics, potential benefits and risks, alternative treatments, and the subjects’ rights and responsibilities in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Participation proceeded only after obtaining written consent. If ethical considerations arose during the trial, the Ethics Committee reviewed and approved amendments to the consent process, and participants updated consent was obtained. In the event of patient withdrawal, any data already collected was retained for the final analysis.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.