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Article History

Received: 3 August 2025

Accepted: 4 November 2025

First Online: 26 November 2025

Declarations

:

: The study protocol was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Suranaree University of Technology (approval numbers EC-64-109 and EC-67-0001). All research procedures involving human participants were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study involved secondary analysis of anonymized data and did not require new patient recruitment or intervention.

: Not applicable.

: No generative AI technologies were used in the writing or analysis of this manuscript.

: The authors declare no competing interests.