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Authors
Zhang, Chunyu
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Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 18 November 2025
First Online: 24 November 2025
Declarations
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: The Institutional Review Board approved the retrospective use of de-identified data with a waiver of individual informed consent (Approval Mingyi Ethics (2025) No. 132). General clinical consent for surgery was obtained per institutional policy; no study-specific consent was required. The study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable data-protection regulations.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
