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Authors
Lee, Wen-Teng
Chen, Mingchih
Fang, Yu-Wei
Chang, Wei-Shan
Hsiao, Kai-Yuan
Shia, Ben-Chang
Liou, Hung-Hsiang
Tsai, Ming-Hsien
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital (2023SKHADR007)
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 24 November 2025
First Online: 27 November 2025
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Shin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital (IRB No. 20221102R). The research was conducted using secondary data from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) of Taiwan, which contains de-identified and anonymized health claims data. In accordance with the policies of the Health and Welfare Data Science Center (HWDC), informed consent from individual participants was waived due to the retrospective and non-interventional nature of the study. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, and in adherence to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The opinions presented in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policies or positions of the National Health Insurance Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
