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Article History

Received: 25 June 2025

Accepted: 26 November 2025

First Online: 1 December 2025

Declarations

:

: The study adhered rigorously to the ethical principles of research. The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and the ethical principles and respect for human dignity and protection of personal information denoted in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa and the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013. Ethical approval was sought from the Research Ethics Committee of the Tshwane University of Technology (Ref#: REC2023-12-0113 (Science), the National Department of Health (Ref: GP_202405_052) and both selected institutions in the study. After identifying potential participants, the study’s aim and objectives were explained to participants. Participants were informed about the confidentiality of their data and their right to participate in and withdraw from the study voluntarily. Informed written consent for audio recording was obtained from all participants before each interview. Each participant was identified with a number. Interviews were conducted with an individual participant at each point and in a private room. All interview sessions were recorded exactly and transcribed verbatim.

: Not applicable. This study does not include any identifiable personal data, images, or other information requiring individual consent for publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.