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Article History

Received: 3 July 2025

Accepted: 26 November 2025

First Online: 6 December 2025

Declarations

:

: This retrospective single-center study (National Clinical Research Registration No.: MR-44-25-046238) was conducted at Meizhou People’s Hospital, with a registration date of June 24, 2025. This study was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Meizhou People’s Hospital (Approval No. 2025-C-40). The same ethics committee waived the requirement for informed consent because this is a retrospective study using pre-existing medical record data, and it is impractical to obtain permission from individual patients, given the study design and the use of de-identified information. This study did not involve any additional intervention, follow-up, or secondary analysis of biological specimens, and all data were anonymized to protect patient privacy and confidentiality. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional ethics committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.

: This study did not involve any members of the public or patients.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.