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Authors
Keser, Cagla Sena https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7254-7809
Erdemir, Mete https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6355-835X
Yilmaz, Mahmut https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6317-111X
Taskin, Gurhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6406-9221
Yamanel, Levent https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3704-3763
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Article History
Received: 17 October 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 20 December 2025
Declarations
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: This prospective study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and adhered to relevant institutional and national ethical guidelines. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of Gülhane Training and Research Hospital (Approval No.: 27.09.2023-2023/203). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study, or from their legally authorized representatives in cases where patients were intubated. To ensure confidentiality and compliance with data protection regulations, all patient data were anonymized and handled in strict accordance with privacy standards.
: Informed consent was obtained.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
