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Authors
Liu, Huanqin
Yu, Mengjia
Mao, Yumei
Xue, Qingjie
Lv, Yanan
Qu, Feng
Shi, Jikui
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Article History
Received: 23 September 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 22 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital (Approval No. KYLL-202308-137). All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. For critically ill patients unable to provide consent, authorization was obtained from their legally authorized representatives.
: Written informed consent for publication of anonymized clinical data was obtained from all participants or their legal representatives.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
