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Authors
Zeng, Lan
Lu, Min
Lee, Jeong Min
Niu, Haoyue
Fu, Ying
Yao, Yao
Tang, Wen
Jiang, Jie
Ma, Jiuyi
Cui, Ligang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0717-7445
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Fund for Innovation and Transformation of Haidian District (HDCXZHKC2023204)
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Article History
Received: 5 September 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 30 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and followed Standards for Reporting diagnostic accuracy (STARD) guideline. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Peking University Third Hospital (2023–681-01). All participants were fully informed of the study’s objectives and the voluntary nature of their involvement. Written informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to data collection. Participant confidentiality and data privacy were protected, with access to collected data restricted to the research team. Participants were also informed of their right to withdraw from the study at any stage without any consequences.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
