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Association of the C-reactive protein–to–albumin ratio (CAR) with clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing surgery: a retrospective cohort analysis of the INSPIRE database

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-026-04770-y

Published Online: 2026-02-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Lin, Bingwen

pan, Bin

Lin, Yuanxi

Zhang, Xiaochen

Xiao, Xiongjian
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-02-03

Version of Record valid from 2026-03-13
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Article History

Received: 3 September 2025

Accepted: 19 January 2026

First Online: 3 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study utilized de-identified data from the publicly available INSPIRE database. The original data collection and creation of the INSPIRE database were conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH). Informed consent for the original data collection was obtained from participants, or was waived by the approving IRB due to the retrospective nature of that study. As this study involved secondary analysis of publicly available, anonymized data, no additional ethical approval was required for the current analysis.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

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