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Article History

Received: 11 September 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 3 February 2026

Declarations

:

: All NHANES participants provided written informed consent and the National Center for Health Statistics obtained institutional review board approval prior to data collection. Because NHANES data are de-identified and publicly available, the analysis presented here was exempt from Institutional Review Board review. All study procedures were performed in accordance with the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.