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Article History

Received: 1 October 2025

Accepted: 4 February 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The audit was registered with the UHB NHS Foundation Trust Clinical Audit Registration and Management System (CARMS) under audit code CARMS-22522. According to the NHS Health Research Authority (HRA) decision tool and the Trust’s governance framework, this project met the criteria for a clinical audit and therefore did not require separate NHS Research Ethics Committee approval or individual patient consent. All data handling procedures followed UHB NHS Foundation Trust information governance policies and were conducted in accordance with the UK General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and Data Protection Act 2018. The audit was conducted in line with the ethical principles underpinning the Declaration of Helsinki, including those relating to confidentiality and respect for persons.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.