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Authors
Gould, Douglas W.
Baker, Luke A.
Wilkinson, Thomas J.
Eastley, Nicholas
Ashford, Robert U.
Denniff, Matthew
Graham-Brown, Matthew
Viana, João L.
Philp, Andrew
Watson, Emma L.
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Article History
Received: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 6 March 2026
First Online: 13 March 2026
Declarations
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: For the ExTra CKD study: Recruitment occurred between 16 th December 2013 and 30 th April 2016, with all interventions completed by October 2016. Ethical approval was obtained from the UK National Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 13/EM/0344), and the trial was registered with the ISRCTN (no. 36489137). The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and all participants provided written informed consent. For the Explore CKD study: The study received ethical approval from the UK National Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 15/EM/0467) and registered with ISRCTN (No. 18221837). All procedures conformed to the Declaration of Helsinki, and all participants provided written informed consent.
: Not applicable
: All authors confirm there are no conflicts of interest.
